The horn of Africa in general has long suffered decades of long-drawn-out conflicts leading to devastation of key institutions and crucial infrastructure. Availability of water in Somalia is one of the main challenges due to a combination of factors; such as dry climate, droughts and human-induced conflicts.

Poor environmental conditions, limited access to water and insufficient sanitation facilities act to worsen the impact of food insecurity on the population. Such conditions drive increased levels of malnutrition and outbreaks across the country. Somalia continues to experience outbreaks of measles, diarrheal disease AWD/Cholera and vaccine- derived polio, as well as malaria, high rates of malnutrition particularly concerning in the context of disease outbreaks and limited services, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.

The challenging conditions, violence and displacement subject the population, especially IDPs, to psychological distress resulting in social and mental health problems, and addressing hygiene and sanitation practices combined with the use of unsafe water cause chronic or acute diarrhea integrated interventions which include nutrition and WASH components can help reduce the incidence of diarrhea Increasing the civil war and famine drought and conflicts can lead to the people to use unsafe water, contaminate water and acquire chronic diseases such AWD/cholera and communicable diseases which can spread out in the host communities and other population in general Somalia accessibility of pure water is rare the number of quality is less available due to shortage of public services.