Somalia faces a broad range of development challenges, many of which are closely linked with the country’s history of conflict and peace building efforts recent conflict in Somalia stems from events that took place during the Cold War. The country’s strategic location led to external influences, which ultimately lead to the collapse of Siad Barre’s government in 1991, triggered violence between clans, and resulted in the emergence of warlords.

The 1991 civil war resulted in 25,000 deaths and generated significant displacement. In some parts of Somalia’s south, warfare featured the expulsion of people who belonged to specific clans, which lead to further fractionalization and longstanding grievances. Somalia has deep-seated inequities with respect to access to educational opportunities. The children of the political and economic elite study abroad in foreign schools and universities and return as a “diaspora” that has easier access to NGO and government jobs, while most of the average young people have minimal, if any, access to basic education, which is of poor quality. Many young people reported that they are resigned to unemployment. They also reported unjust treatment by employers. The most marginalized youth minority clans, politically unconnected youth, or young women describe being routinely c heated by employers who tend to underpay them and/or treat them poorly, with no avenue to appeal.

Conflict and insecurity have resulted in limited opportunities for Somalis and youth in particular. Youth unemployment stands at 75 percent.50 this is perceived as contributing to young Somalis’ vulnerability to illegal migration, organized crime, and/or violent extremism.

The role of peace building and conflict resolution among Somalia clans are very weak and Somalia communities need by them self-peace and reconciliation due to civil war fighting in rural and cities occurs all these standing frustration can lead to the social destructions and the weakness of international communities are one of the major factor including local federal ministers formed as clan based ministers and the social supports peace and stability are rare inside Somalia country.